When you talk about the history of Kedah, the first reference will take you back to the Stone Age. Ruins in Gunung Jerai and Lembah Bujang explicitly point to the Hindu-Buddhist era in the 4th century. In fact, the present royal leaders trace their lineage to this period.
Kedah is considered to be one of the very first regions in the peninsula that came in contact with Hinduism through numerous Indian traders who traveled and settled down here.
Kedah history was under the scanner of the Sumatran Srivijaya Empire till the 8th century. However, the Thais took over the reigns and ruled the state up to the 15th century. With the surfacing of Islamism, courtesy the rise of Malacca, the Thais were thrown out of Kedah.
The Portuguese attacked Kedah after overpowering the Malaccans in the 17th century. Thus, the history of Kedah is very closely associated with the history of Malacca. After Portuguese, came the Achnese, who considered Kedah to be a threat to their spice trade.
Beleaguered and devastated, Kedah's local rulers asked for help from British administration and even handed Penang over to them. However, nothing worked out, and according to the history of Kedah, the state again went under Siamese control in the 19th century. Eventually, in the 20th century, the control passed on to British administration.
Kedah was invaded by the Japanese during the Second World War, and in due course, became a part of the Federation of Malaya in 1948.
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